EARLY MAN
IN THE
NEW WORLD
REVISED EDITION
BY Kenneth Macgowan
AND Joseph A. Hester, Jr.
WITH DRAWINGS BY CAMPBELL GRANT
And these are ancient things.
CHRONICLES I, 4:22
PUBLISHED IN CO-OPERATION WITH
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
THE NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY
ANCHOR BOOKS
DOUBLEDAY & COMPANY, INC.
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK
The Natural History Library Edition, 1962
Copyright © 1962 by The American Museum of Natural History
Copyright © 1950, 1962 by Kenneth Macgowan
For permission to quote passages from their respective publicationsgrateful acknowledgment is made to the followingauthors, publishers, and literary executors:
J. B. Lippincott Company: Aleš Hrdlička, “Early Man inAmerica: What Have the Bones to Say?” in Early Man, ed.George Grant MacCurdy (copyright, 1937, by The Academy ofNatural Sciences, Philadelphia); The Macmillan Company: WilliamB. Scott, History of Land Mammals in the Western Hemisphere,rev. ed. (copyright, 1937, by The American PhilosophicalSociety); G. P. Putnam’s Sons: Earnest A. Hooton, Apes, Men,and Morons (copyright, 1937, by G. P. Putnam’s Sons); Rinehart& Company, Inc.: Robert H. Lowie, The History of EthnologicalTheory (copyright, 1937, by Robert H. Lowie); Charles Scribner’sSons: Roland B. Dixon, The Racial History of Man (copyright,1923, by Charles Scribner’s Sons) and The Building ofCultures (copyright, 1928, by Charles Scribner’s Sons); WhittleseyHouse: Harold S. Gladwin, Men Out of Asia (copyright,1947, by McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.); University of TorontoPress: Earnest A. Hooton, “Racial Types in America and TheirRelations to Old World Types” in The American Aborigines, ed.Diamond Jenness; Yale University Press: Earnest A. Hooton,The Indians of Pecos Pueblo (copyright, 1930, by Yale UniversityPress).
Printed in the United States of America
TO
GEORGE C. VAILLANT
FOREWORD
Since the time of Columbus, when the peoples of theNew World were discovered by Europeans, there hasbeen a continuous interest in knowing something abouttheir origin and early history. This has been almostcompletely shrouded in the primitive past, unmentionedin any written records, and thus largely a matterof speculation of one kind or another. Only veryslowly have the means of investigating this historycome into being. Greater knowledge of all the world’speoples has provided the means for solidly based comparativestudies, and the developing techniques of archaeologyhave brought more factual evidence tohand. Gradually the true picture is taking shape aseach new discovery is analyzed and discussed andtakes its place in the total structure.
This is an exciting adventure in discovery and learningthat many would like to share more completelywith the archaeologist and anthropologist. Usually,however, the reports of the professionals are too technicalto be meaningfully understood by the layman,and the brief accounts of “finds” and “digs” that appearin the press are far too fragmentary. Most fortunately,xwe have the present book, which fills the need verynicely—far better than anything else in print.
Ken