LION AND DRAGON IN NORTHERN CHINA
VIEW FROM THE HUAN-TS'UI-LOU ON THE CITY WALL OF WEIHAIWEI.
(Showing the interior of the walled city, the island of Liukung and the Harbour, and the European settlement of Port Edward).
LION AND DRAGON IN NORTHERN CHINA
BY R. F. JOHNSTON, M.A. (Oxon.), F.R.G.S.
DISTRICT OFFICER AND MAGISTRATE, WEIHAIWEI
FORMERLY PRIVATE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR OF HONGKONG, ETC.
AUTHOR OF "FROM PEKING TO MANDALAY"
WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS
NEW YORK
E. P. DUTTON AND COMPANY
1910
HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD.,
LONDON AND AYLESBURY,
ENGLAND.
Sir JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART
K.C.M.G., COMMISSIONER OF WEIHAIWEI
IN MEMORY OF
TWO MOONLIT NIGHTS AT LUTAO-K'OU
FIVE FROSTY MORNINGS AT PEI-K'OU TEMPLE
AND A HUNDRED BREEZY GALLOPS
OVER THE HILLS AND SANDS OF WEIHAIWEI
PREFACE
The meeting-place of the British Lion and the ChineseDragon in northern China consists of the port andTerritory of Weihaiwei. It is therefore with thisdistrict, and the history, folk-lore, religious practicesand social customs of its people, that the followingpages are largely occupied. But Weihaiwei is inmany respects a true miniature of China, and a carefulstudy of native life and character, as they are exhibitedin this small district, may perhaps give us aclearer and truer insight into the life and characterof the Chinese race than we should gain from anysuperficial survey of China as a whole. Its presentstatus under the British Crown supplies Europeanobservers with a unique opportunity for the closestudy of sociological and other conditions in ruralChina. If several chapters of this book seem to bebut slightly concerned with the special subject ofWeihaiwei, it is because the chief interest of the placeto the student lies in the fact that it is an epitomisedChina, and because if we wish fully to understandeven this small fragment of the Empire we mustmake many long excursions through the wider fields[viii]of Chinese history, sociology and religion. Thephotographs (with certain exceptions noted in eachcase) have been taken by the author during hisresidence at Weihaiwei. From Sir James H. StewartLockhart, K.C.M.G., Commissioner of Weihaiwei, hehas received much kind encouragement which heis glad to take this opportunity of acknowledging;and he is indebted to Captain A. Hilton-Johnson forcertain information regarding the personnel of the lateChinese Regiment. His thanks are more especially