Transcriber’s Note:
The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.
THE
PROVINCES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN
MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited
LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO
ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.
TORONTO
THE PROVINCES
OF THE
ROMAN EMPIRE
FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN
BY
THEODOR MOMMSEN
TRANSLATED
WITH THE AUTHOR’S SANCTION AND ADDITIONS
BY
WILLIAM P. DICKSON, D.D., LL.D.
PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
VOL. I
WITH EIGHT MAPS BY PROFESSOR KIEPERT
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN’S STREET, LONDON
1909
First Edition 1886
Reprinted with corrections 1909
TO
LEOPOLD KRONECKER
AND
RICHARD SCHÖNE
IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE
PREFACE
A wish has often been expressed to me that the Historyof Rome might be continued, and I have a desire to meetit, although it is difficult for me, after an interval of thirtyyears, to take up again the thread at the point where Ihad to let it drop. That the present portion does notattach itself immediately to the preceding, is a matter oflittle moment; the fifth volume would be just as much afragment without the sixth as the sixth now is withoutthe fifth. Besides, I am of opinion that, for the purposesof the cultured public, in whose minds this History isintended to promote an intelligent conception of Romanantiquity, other works may take the place of the TwoBooks, which are still wanting between this (the Eighth)and the earlier ones, more readily than a substitute can befound for that now issued. The struggle of the Republicansin opposition to the monarchy erected by Caesar,and the definitive establishment of the latter, are so wellpresented in the accounts handed down to us fromantiquity that every delineation amounts essentially to areproduction of their narrative. The distinctive characterof the monarchical rule and the fluctuations of themonarchy, as well as the general relations of governmentinfluenced by the personality of the individual rulers, xwhich the Seventh Book is destined to exhibit, have beenat least subjected to frequent handling. Of what is herefurnished—the history of the several provinces from thetime of Caesar to that of Diocletian,—there is, if I am notmistaken, no comprehensive survey anywhere accessible tothe public to which this work addresses itself; and it isowing, as it seems to me, to the want of such a surveythat the judgment of that public as to the Roman imperialperiod is frequently incorrect and unfair. No doubt